International Vulture Awareness Day 2024 [Current Affairs]

The first Saturday of September marks International Vulture Awareness Day (IVAD), an annual event dedicated to raising awareness about the world’s most imperilled group of birds. This initiative, which began in South Africa and the United Kingdom, has been observed since September 2009. Vultures, often misunderstood and unfairly maligned, play a crucial role in maintaining ecological balance. Despite their association with death and perceived negative traits, these birds are, in fact, the unsung heroes of the natural world. As the only land-dwelling obligate scavengers, vultures provide essential ecological services that benefit both the environment and human society.

Objectives

The primary aims of IVAD are:

1. To highlight vulture conservation efforts
2. To increase public awareness about the importance of vultures
3. To encourage participating organizations to conduct activities promoting vulture conservation

The Ecological Importance of Vultures

Ecosystem Services

Vultures provide numerous free ecosystem services that contribute significantly to human well-being:

1. Nutrient Recycling: By consuming carrion, vultures facilitate the transfer of energy through food webs.
2. Disease Control: Their scavenging helps limit the transmission of diseases by controlling populations of other facultative scavengers, such as feral dogs.
3. Environmental Cleansing: Vultures aid in the removal of soil and water contaminants.

Economic and Environmental Benefits

Recent studies have highlighted the economic and environmental advantages of healthy vulture populations:

1. Cost-Effective Carcass Disposal: Vultures provide an efficient and environmentally friendly service for livestock carcass disposal.
2. Reduced Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Their rapid consumption of carcasses significantly reduces the need for vehicular transport to processing plants, thereby lowering greenhouse gas emissions.
3. Ecotourism Potential: Vultures contribute to recreational services, particularly for birdwatchers and photographers, potentially boosting local economies through ecotourism.

Cultural Significance

Vultures have played important roles in human culture for thousands of years, providing cultural and spiritual services that enrich human societies.

Vulture Species at Risk

Global Threat Status

Of the 23 vulture species worldwide, more than half are listed on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species:

• 11 out of 16 African-Eurasian vulture species are at risk of extinction within our lifetimes.
• In Africa, 9 out of 11 vulture species are listed as either Vulnerable, Endangered, or Critically Endangered.

Regional Variations

• Europe: The only continent where vulture populations are recovering and increasing, due to investment and threat mitigation.
• India: Vulture populations are stabilizing but remain at critically low levels. The ban on veterinary use of diclofenac in 2006 has helped, with similar bans followed by Nepal and Pakistan.
• Nepal: Now in a recovery phase for vultures.

Vulture Conservation Efforts in India

Recent Population Surveys

A recent vulture census in seven tiger reserves and forest areas across Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, and Kerala has shown promising results:

• Population increase from 246 in February 2023 to 308 in December 2023.
• The Mudumalai-Sathyamangalam-Bandipur-Wayanad complex accounted for over 82% of the vultures recorded.

Species Breakdown

The survey recorded:

• 217 critically endangered white-rumped vultures (Gyps bengalensis)
• 47 long-billed vultures (Gyps indicus)
• 50 Asian king vultures (Sarcogyps calvus)
• 4 endangered Egyptian vultures (Neophron percnopterus)
• 2 “near threatened” Himalayan griffon vultures (Gyps himalayensis)

Vulture Count 2024: A Citizen-Science Initiative

Project Overview

WWF-India, in collaboration with Bird Count India and eBird, has announced the launch of Vulture Count 2024, scheduled from September 7th to October 6th, 2024, coinciding with International Vulture Awareness Day.

Objectives

1. Systematically monitor vulture populations across India
2. Gather comprehensive baseline data to track population trends
3. Identify critical habitats and assess environmental impacts
4. Develop targeted conservation strategies and policies
5. Raise public awareness and support for vulture conservation